石湾陶塑技艺最早可追溯到新石器时代晚期，其兴起与唐宋时期陶瓷业的繁荣密切相关，在明清时期达到鼎盛。据河宕贝丘遗址考古发现，石湾陶的历史距今已有 5000 多年。
The art of Shiwan pottery sculpture dates back to the late Neolithic Period. Its rise was closely related to the prosperity of the pottery industry during the Tang and Song dynasties, and it reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the archaeological discoveries at the Hedang Shell Mound Site, the history of Shiwan pottery dates back over 5,000 years.
·· 石湾陶塑技艺的历史 ··
The history of Shiwan pottery sculpture craftsmanship
中国非遗文化之美
The beauty of Chinese intangible cultural heritage
唐宋时期 ：这一时期，佛山地处中原移民的聚居地，北方的陶瓷技艺与石湾原有的制陶技艺相融合，大大提高了石湾陶器的制造水平与艺术水准，石湾开始成为著名的陶器产区，所生产的日用陶器造型饱满、均衡，线条流畅，富有变化，装饰手法也更加多样化，注注艺术表现形式。
During the Tang and Song Dynasties During this period, Foshan was located in a settlement area for immigrants from the Central Plains. The ceramic techniques from the north merged with the original pottery-making skills in Shiwan, significantly enhancing the manufacturing level and artistic standards of Shiwan pottery. Shiwan began to become a renowned pottery production area. The daily-use pottery produced there had full and balanced shapes, smooth lines, rich variations, and more diverse decorative techniques, emphasising artistic expression forms.
（石湾陶塑技艺）
明清时期 ：石湾陶业规模庞大，数量众多，据文献记载，清代全盛时期，东平河畔陶瓷窑达到 107 座，店号近千家，从事制陶业的工人不下 6 万人。此时的石湾陶，最明显的特点就是陶塑艺术的崛起，题材广泛丰富，名家名品迭出，其作品不仅畅销国内，还远销海外。
··工艺特色与技术奥秘··
Process features and technical secrets
在成型技法上，至今仍保留着手印坯和卷筒塑制空心坯等传统技法，同时根据普及品的不同要求，适当采用现代的注浆成型技法，既保留了传统的手工特色又满足了大批生产的要求。
In terms of forming techniques, traditional techniques such as hand-printed blanks and hollow blanks formed by roll moulding are still retained to this day. At the same time, modern injection moulding techniques are appropriately adopted according to the different requirements of popular products, which not only retain the traditional manual characteristics but also meet the requirements of mass production.
在造型技法上，继承和发展了传统的刀塑、按塑、捏塑、贴塑四种方法，使各种造型具有气韵生动的艺术效果。
In terms of modelling techniques, it has inherited and developed the traditional four methods of knife modelling, pressing modelling, pinching modelling and pasting modelling, endowing various modelling with vivid and dynamic artistic effects.
··传承困境与当代复兴··
Inheritance dilemma and contemporary revival
···
Shiwan pottery sculpture skills
石湾陶塑技艺面临后继无人的困境，有限的市场空间和现实的生存环境使得年轻人难以将其当成终身职业，导致传统技艺的传承出现危机，急需保护。
The Shiwan pottery sculpture art is facing a predicament of a lack of successors. The limited market space and the current living environment make it difficult for young people to take it as a lifelong career, leading to a crisis in the inheritance of traditional skills and an urgent need for protection.
哥窑制作涉及20余道工序，从选矿淘洗、拉坯利坯到素烧施釉，每道环节均需手工完成。现代工业化生产导致传统柴窑减少，加之釉料配方依赖经验传承，技艺濒危。
The production of Ge Kiln involves more than 20 procedures, from mineral selection and washing, shaping and roughening to unfired glazing; each step must be completed by hand. Modern industrialised production has led to a reduction in traditional wood-fired kilns. Coupled with the fact that glaze formulas rely on experience for inheritance, the craftsmanship is endangered.
在传承传统技艺的基础上，一些现代陶艺家也在不断探索创新，将传统石湾陶塑技艺与现代设计理念、表现手法相结合，创作出了一批具有时代特色的石湾陶塑作品，使这一古老技艺在当代焕发
Based on the inheritance of traditional craftsmanship, some modern potters are also constantly exploring and innovating, combining the traditional Shiwan pottery sculpture techniques with modern design concepts and expression methods, and creating a batch of Shiwan pottery sculpture works with the characteristics of The Times, thus rejuvenating this ancient technique in the contemporary era.
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