01.

非遗纨扇：轻罗小扇扑流萤的千年风雅

Intangible Cultural Heritage Fan: The Thousand-Year Elegance of Light Silk Fans Fluttering Fireflies

非遗纨扇，以素绢为面、竹木等为骨，承载千年风雅。起源于商周，兴于汉唐，盛于明清。制作讲究选料、绷面、绘饰、装裱等工序，融书画、织绣等技艺，既是实用器物，更是东方美学的载体，尽显传统手工艺魅力。 

Intangible cultural heritage silk fans, with plain silk as the surface, bamboo and wood as the bone, carry the elegance of thousands of years. Originated in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, flourished in the Han and Tang dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties The production pays attention to the process of material selection, stretching, painting, mounting, etc., integrating calligraphy and painting, weaving and embroidery, etc., which is not only a practical utensil, but also a carrier of oriental aesthetics, showing the charm of traditional handicrafts.

2006 年，团扇相关技艺被列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，苏州制扇技艺（含团扇制作技艺）也在同年入选 。这一承载千年古韵的传统工艺，自此获得国家级保护与扶持，得以在现代社会中更好地传承发展，延续其独特魅力 。

In 2006, the fan-related skills were included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists, and Suzhou fan-making skills (including fan-making skills) were also selected in the same year. This traditional craft, which carries the charm of thousands of years, has since been protected and supported at the national level, and can be better inherited and developed in modern society and continue its unique charm.

02.

制造过程

manufacturing process

非遗纨扇的制作是场匠心与材质的精妙对话，工序严谨。选料极苛刻，扇面挑杭嘉湖上等生丝织就的素纨，需薄如蝉翼、匀若晨霜，透光可见细密云纹；扇骨取湘妃竹、檀香木等，得阴干三年以上防变形开裂。

The production of intangible cultural heritage silk fans is an exquisite dialogue between ingenuity and materials, and the process is rigorous. The selection of materials is extremely demanding, and the fan surface is made of plain silk woven from the highest quality raw silk of Hangjiahu, which needs to be as thin as cicada wings, uniform as morning frost, and the fine cloud patterns can be seen through light; The fan bones are made from Xiangfei bamboo, sandalwood, etc., and can be dried in the shade for more than three years to prevent deformation and cracking.

绷面时，将素纨平铺特制木框，用细麻线沿边密密绷紧，力道得均匀，让绢面平整如镜又带微弹张力，保障后续绘饰不晕染。绘饰见功底，画师或工笔勾勒蜂蝶牡丹，或写意晕染山水云烟，颜料取自天然矿物与植物，如石绿来自孔雀石，花青萃取自蓝草，落笔后需阴干七日固色。装裱藏巧思，以蚕丝线缝合扇面与扇骨，接缝严丝合缝，开合无声，最后在扇柄镶嵌玛瑙或紫檀，方完成这 “掌上乾坤”。

When stretching the silk, lay the raw silk flat on a specially made wooden frame and use fine hemp thread to tightly stretch it along the edges, ensuring even tension. This results in a smooth, mirror-like surface with a slight elastic tension, ensuring that subsequent decorative painting does not bleed or smudge. The painting and decoration reveal the artist's skill. Painters may use meticulous brushwork to depict bees, butterflies, and peonies, or employ freehand techniques to render landscapes and clouds. Pigments are derived from natural minerals and plants, such as malachite green from malachite and indigo from indigo plants. After application, the paint must be air-dried for seven days to fix the colours. The mounting is a work of art, with silk threads used to sew the fan surface to the fan ribs, ensuring seamless joints that open and close silently. Finally, the fan handle is inlaid with agate or rosewood, completing this "miniature universe in the palm of your hand."

03.

非遗纨扇的意义

The meaning of intangible cultural heritage fans

非遗纨扇是承载东方美学与文化记忆的活态遗产。它以素纨为纸、竹木为骨，将丝织、绘画、雕刻等技艺熔于一炉，凝结着古人 “天人合一” 的造物智慧。

Intangible cultural heritage fans are living heritage that embodies Eastern aesthetics and cultural memory. Made from plain silk as paper and bamboo, and wood as a frame, they combine techniques such as silk weaving, painting, and carving, crystallising the ancient wisdom of "unity between man and nature."

从汉代班婕妤的 “新裂齐纨素” 到唐代 “轻罗小扇扑流萤”，纨扇始终与文人情思、生活美学相伴，是诗词书画的移动载体。作为非遗，它不仅延续着传统手工艺的血脉，更在当代成为连接古今的文化纽带，让人们在触摸绢面、观赏绘饰时，感受千年文脉的温度与力量。

From Ban Jieyu's "Newly Split Qi Silk" in the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty's "Light Silk Fan Swatting Fireflies," silk fans have always been intertwined with the emotions of literati and the aesthetics of daily life, serving as a portable medium for poetry, calligraphy, and painting. As an intangible cultural heritage, it not only preserves the traditional craftsmanship but also serves as a cultural bridge connecting the past and present in contemporary times. When people touch the silk surface or admire the decorative patterns, they can feel the warmth and power of a thousand-year-old cultural heritage.

纨扇是传统工艺结晶，融书画、织绣等艺，承载文化记忆，为非遗传承纽带，彰显东方美学。

The silk fan is the crystallisation of traditional craftsmanship, integrating arts such as painting, calligraphy, weaving, and embroidery. It carries cultural memories, serves as a link for the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, and showcases the beauty of Eastern aesthetics.

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